Vayudoot Aviation

1. How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft?

Continued flight in this environment will result in structural damage.

Rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness is experienced without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude

Large, abrupt changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft may only be out of control momentarily

Changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times.

2. Low level wind shear is likely to be greatest

at the top of the friction layer

at the condensation level when there is strong surface friction

at the condensation level when there is no night radiation.

at the top of a marked surface-based inversion

3. Which degree of aircraft turbulence is determined by the following ICAO description? “There may be moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. Usually, small variations in air speed. Changes in accelerometer readings of 0.5 to 1.0 g at the aircraft’s enter of gravity. Occupants feel strain against seat belts. Loose objects move about. Food service and walking is difficult.”

Severe

Violent.

Moderate.

Light.

4. The degree of clear air turbulence experienced by an aircraft is proportional to the

stability of the air

intensity of vertical and horizontal windshear

height of the aircraft

intensity of the solar radiation

5. Vertical wind shear is

horizontal variation in the horizontal wind

vertical variation in the horizontal wind

horizontal variation in the vertical wind

vertical variation in the vertical wind

6. At the top of orographic waves, in mountainous regions, the cloud most likely to be encountered is

cumulus mediocris

cirrus.

cirrostratus.

altocumulus lenticularis.

7. Above and below a low level inversion the wind is likely to

experience little or no change in speed and direction

change in direction but not in speed

change significantly in speed and direction

change in speed but not in direction

8. What units are used to report vertical wind shear?

kt

m/sec.

m/100 FT.

kt/100 FT.

9. The most dangerous low level wind shears are encountered

near valleys and at the windward side of mountains.

during any period when wind speed is greater than 35 kt and near valleys

when strong ground inversions are present and near thunderstorms

in areas with layered clouds and wind speeds higher than 35 kt

10. All pilots encountering Clear Air Turbulence are requested to report it. You experience CAT which causes passengers and crew to feel definite strain against their seat belt or shoulders straps. Unsecured objects are dislodged. Food service and walking are difficult. This intensity of CAT should be reported as

severe

light

extreme

moderate

11. A flight is to depart from an airport with runways 09 and 27. Surface wind is 270/05; an inversion is reported at 300 feet with turbulence and wind shear. The wind just above the inversion is 090/30. What is the safest departure procedure?

Depart runway 27 with maximum throttle during the passage through the inversion.

Depart on runway 09 with a tailwind.

Depart runway 27 with as steep an ascent as possible.

Take-off is not possible under these conditions.

12. Which of the following conditions are most favourable to the formation of mountain waves?

Unstable air at mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the mountain ridge.

Either stable or unstable air at mountain top and a wind of at least 30 knots blowing parallel to the mountain ridge.

Stable air at mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the mountain ridge.

Moist unstable air at mountain top and wind of less than 5 knots blowing across the mountain ridge.

13. In which zone of a jet stream is the strongest CAT to be expected?

Exactly in the centre of the core.

The cold air side of the core

The warm air side of the core.

14. On a clear summer day, turbulence caused by solar heating is most pronounced

during early morning hours before sunrise

immediately after sunset

during the early afternoon

about midmorning

15. Under which of the following conditions is the most severe CAT likely to be experienced?

A curved jet stream near a deep trough

A straight jet stream near a low pressure area

A westerly jet stream at low latitudes in the summer

A jet stream, with great spacing between the isotherms

16. The turbulence which occurs at high flight levels (above FL 250) is mainly of the type Clear Air Turbulence. In what way can moderate to severe Clear Air Turbulence affect an aircraft, the flight and the passengers?

The turbulence is a small scale one and can cause damage of worn out type. The manoeuvring of the aircraft will be made more difficult or even impossible. For the passengers the flight will be unpleasant.

The turbulence is a large scale one (waving) so that the aircraft will be difficult to manoeuvre. The passengers will feel some discomfort.

The turbulence can be resembled with the roughness of a washing-board (small scale) and will not have influence on the aircraft and its solidity, but will make flight a little more difficult. The passengers will seldom notice anything of this turbulence

The turbulence is wave like which makes the flight unpleasant for the passengers but the manoeuvring will not be affected essentially

17. Low level vertical wind shear can be expected during the night

and early morning only in summer

in unstable atmospheres

in association with radiation inversions

and early morning only in winter

18. What is normally the most effective measure to reduce or avoid CAT effects?

Decrease of speed.

Increase of speed.

Change of flight level.

Change of course.

19. Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence?

Nimbostratus

Cirrocumulus

Stratocumulus

Altocumulus lenticularis

20. You intend to carry out a VFR flight over the Alps, on a hot summer day, when the weather is unstable. What is the best time of day to conduct this flight?

Early evening.

Mid-day.

Morning.

Afternoon

21. The vertical extent of the friction layer depends primarily on

stability, wind speed, roughness of surface

roughness of surface, temperature, local time

wind speed, roughness of surface, temperature

temperature, local time, environmental lapse rate

22. Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence?

Altocumulus lenticularis

Nimbostratus

Stratocumulus

Cirrocumulus

23. Fallstreaks or virga are?

gusts associated with a well developed Bora

water or ice particles falling out of a cloud that evaporate before reaching the ground

strong katabatic winds in mountainous areas and accompanied by heavy precipitation

strong downdraughts in the polar jet stream, associated with jet streaks

24. What is the effect of a strong low level inversion?

It promotes extensive vertical movement of air.

It prevents vertical windshear

It results in good visual conditions

It promotes vertical windshear.

25. A zone of strong convection currents is encountered during a flight. In spite of moderate gust you decide to continue the flight. What are your precautionary measures?

Decrease the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents

Increase the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents.

Decrease the speed / try to climb above the zone of convective currents if aircraft performance parameters allow

Increase the speed / try to climb above the zone of convective currents if aircraft performance parameters allow.

26. A wide body aircraft takes off on a clear night in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Shortly after take off the aircraft’s rate of climb drops to zero. This can be due to

sand/dust in the engines

a very strong temperature inversion

very pronounced downdrafts

low relative humidity

27. At the top of orographic waves, in mountainous regions, the cloud most likely to be encountered is

altocumulus lenticularis.

cirrus.

cumulus mediocris.

cirrostratus.

28. The presence of altocumulus lenticularis is an indication of the

presence of mountain waves

presence of valley winds

risk of orographic thunderstorms

development of thermal lows

Question Bank

Questions for TURBULENCE 1