Vayudoot Aviation

1.
Why is hypoxia especially dangerous for pilots flying solo?

Hypoxia improves vision at night, so the pilot will have no indication of danger.

Since the first signs of hypoxia are generally hard to detect (hypoxia of the brain), the solo pilot may not be able to react in time (i.e. activate his emergency oxygen system)

Hypoxia does not cause a loss of control in steering the plane

The pilot may loose control when he is using the oxygen mask

2.
What can a pilot do to avoid ""Flicker vertigo"" when flying in the clouds?

Fly straight and level and avoid head movements

Switch strobe-lights off

Dim the cockpit lights to avoid reflections

Engage the autopilot until breaking the clouds

3.
The vestibular system is composed of-1: two ventricles-2 : a saccule-3 : an utricle-4 : three semicircular channels

2,3,4

2,3

1,4

1,3,4

4.
Different non-technical related opinions between pilots from different cultural backgrounds might be seen in connection with:-1 : the variations of technical training and skills.-2 : communication problems.-3 : conflicting ways of management.-4 : interpersonal problems.The combination of correct statements is

only 1 is correct

2,3 and 4 are correct

1, 2 and 4 are correct

2 and 3 are correct

5.
What is decompression sickness ?

The formation of air bubbles in bodily tissues, with no consequences for people's capabilities

A frequent disorder in commercial aviation due to the pressurisation curve of modern aircraft

A disorder which is solely encountered below 18,000 ft

An sickness resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude

6.
A study by NASA has examined the relationships between incidents linked with ground-to-crew communication. Which of the following factors is the main reason for disturbances in the correct reception of a message?

Listening errors.

Radio failure.

Errors in understanding clearance values.

Mother tongue differing from working language.

7.
A pilot is prone to get vertigo, as visibility is impaired (dust, smoke, snow). What is the correct action to prevent vertigo?

Reduce rate of breathing until all symptoms disappear, then breathe normal again

Depend on the instruments

Concentrate on the vertical speedometer

Depend on information from the semicircular canals of the inner ear, because those are the only ones giving correct information

8.
According to Rasmussen's model, errors are of the following type(s) in skill-based control mode

routine errors

creative errors

knowledge errors

handling errors

9.
What is hypoxia ?

A state charcterised by an excessive supply of oxygen which may be due to maladjustment of the mask

The respiratory symptom associated with altitude decompression sickness

The total absence of oxygen in the air

Any condition where the oxygen concentration of the body is below normal limits or where the oxygen available to the body cannot be used due to some pathological condition

10.
What could be symptoms of hypoxia (when flying without oxygen) above 12,000 ft?

Trembling, increase in body temperature, convulsions,slowing of the rate of breathing

Euphoria, headache, improvement in judgement, loss of consciousness

Headache, thirst, somnolence, collapse

Headache, fatigue, dizziness, lack of coordination

11.
Concerning the effects of drugs and pilot´s performance

the primary and the side effects have to be considered

the side effects only have to be considered

medication has no influence on pilot´s performance

only the primary effect has to be considered, side effects are negligable

12.
Sleeplessness or the disruption of sleeping patterns 1. can lead to symptoms of drowsiness, irritability and lack of concentration2. will make an individual more prone to make errors

1 is not correct, 2 is correct

1 and 2 are both correct

1 and 2 are both not correct

1 is correct, 2 is not correct

13.
CO (carbon monoxide) present in the smoke of cigarettes can lead to: 1. reduction of time of usefull consciousness 2. hypoxia at a much lower altitude than normal

1 is correct, 2 is false

1 and 2 are both false

1 is false, 2 is correct

1 and 2 are both correct

14.
It is desirable to standardize as many patterns of behaviour (operating procedures) as possible in commercial aviation mainly because

such behaviour reduces errors even under adverse circumstances

it makes the flight deck easier to design

this lowers the ability requirement in pilot selection

this reduces the amount of training required

15.
What does not impair the function of the photosensitive cells?

Acceleration

Oxygen deficiency

Fast speed

Toxic influence (alcohol, nicotine, medication)

16.
When oxygen is beeing transferred from the blood into the tissues and carbon dioxide from the body cells into the blood, it is called

internal respiration

external respiration

hyperventilation

ventilation

17.
'Environmental capture' is a term used to describe which of the following statements?1.The tendency for a skill to be executed in an environment in which it is frequently exercised, even if it is inappropriate to do so2.The tendency for a skill acquired in one aircraft type to be executed in a new aircraft type, even if it is inappropriate to do so3. The tendency for people bo behave in different ways in different social situations4. The gaining of environmental skills

1 and 2 are correct

2 and 3 are correct

4 is correct

1, 2 and 3 are correct

18.
When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the

proprioceptive sensitivity

vision

sense of balance

cochlea

19.
An overstressed pilot may show the following symptoms:1. mental blocks, confusion and channelized attention2. resignation, frustration, rage3. deterioration in motor coordination4. high pitch voice and fast speaking

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

1and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are false

1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false

1 and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false

20.
In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving, subsequent flights should be delayed

24 hours

48 hours after a continuous ascent in the water has been made

3 hours after non decompression diving

36 hours after any scuba diving

21.
Which part of the ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent?

The sacculus and utriculus

The semicircular canals

The eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

The cochlea

22.
Carbon monoxide poisoning

only occurs in jet-driven aeroplanes

is more likely to occur in aeroplanes where the cabin heat is technically supplied by coating the exhaust

occurs only above 15 degrees OAT

is more likely to occur in aeroplanes with twin-engines because of high engine efficiency

23.
When can a system be said to be tolerant to error?When

its safety system has taken account of all statistically probable errors

its safety system is too permeable to error

the consequences of an error will not seriously jeopardise safety

latent errors do not entail serious consequences for safety

24.
Which of the following responses lists most of the common hazardous thought patterns (attitudes) for pilots to develop?

Invulnerability, underconfidence, avoidance of making decisions, lack of situational awareness

Anti-authority, impulsiveness, invulnerabilty, resignation, machismo complex

Resignation, confidence, inattention

Machismo complex, resignation, confidence, self critcism

25.
The capacity of the short-term memory is

unlimited

about 30 items

about 7 items

very limited - only one item

26.
Pain in the middle ear during descent may be eased by

blocking the effected ear with the palm of your hand

increasing the rate of descent

leveling off and possibly climbing

using an oxygen mask

27.
Which of the following statements are correct ?-1: Modern aircraft allow for 50 - 60% relative humidity in the cabin air under any conditions of flight, which is satisfactory for the body-2: Thirst is a belated symptom of dehydration-3: Dehydration may lead to clinical manifestations such as dizziness and fatigue-4: Drinking excessive quantities of water must be avoided since resistance to periods of low hydration will otherwise be lost

2,3,4

1,4

2,3

1,2,4

28.
The choice of the moment you select flaps depending on situation and conditions of the landing is

knowledge based behaviour

skill based behaviour

rule based behaviour

pressure based behaviour

29.
Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades

can be avoided when the strobe-lights are switched on

can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea, when looked at for a longer period of time

should be avoided, because it may destroy the optical nerve

can be neglected

30.
1. Adaptation is a new state of equilibrium after having coped with a stressful situation. 2. An individual's prospect of the situation and his/her abilities to cope with it will determine the type and strength of stress

1 and 2 are both correct

1 is correct, 2 is false

1 and 2 are both false

1 is false, 2 is correct

31.
Hyperventilation is

an accellerated heart frequency caused by a decreasing blood-pressure

an accellerated heart frequency caused by an increasing blood pressure

a reduction of partial oxygen pressure in the brain

a normal compensatory physiological reaction to a drop in partial oxygen pressure (i.e. when climbing a high mountain)

32.
When a pilot is facing a problem during flight he should

take as much time as he needs and is available to make up his mind

make up his mind before consulting other crew members

avoid making up his mind until the very last minute

always make up his mind quickly to give himself as much spare time as possible

33.
You fly VFR from your home base (runway width 27 m), to an international airport (runway width 45 m). On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a

low approach with undershoot

high approach with overshoot

high approach with undershoot

low approach with overshoot

34.
One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is

impaired judgement, disabling the pilot to recognize the symptoms

cyanosis, reducing then pilots ability to hear

hyperventilation, causing emotional stress

reduced coordination of limb movements, causing the pilot to spin

35.
Autokinesis is

the apparent movement of a static single light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark

the automatical adjustment of the crystalline lens to objects situated at different distances

the change in diameter of the pupil, when looking in the dark

the phenomenon of spinning lights after the abuse of alcohol

36.
Which elements of communication are prone to malfunctioning?

Coding and decoding

The sender and the receiver as well as coding and decoding

The receiver

The sender

37.
Breathing 100% oxygen at 38000 ft is equivalent to breathe ambient air at

18 000 ft

10 000 ft

14 000 ft

8 000 ft

38.
Which one of the following statements characterizes a democratic and cooperative leadership style?If conflicts evolve, the leader

tries to clarify the reasons and causes of the conflict with all persons involved

keeps a neutral position and does not participate in arguing

mainly tries to reconcile all persons involved in the conflict and tries to reestablish a nice and friendly atmosphere within the team

decides what to do and pushes his own opinion through

39.
Using a checklist prior start is a contribution to

safety, because the concentration on the check list items will draw the pilot´s attention to flight related tasks, reducing distraction from personal stress

workload, because using checklists will increase the pilot´s workload prior take-off

frustration

stress, because time pressure prior take-off is always present

40.
As a result of automation in cockpits,

communication and coordination have clearly improved in man-man and man-machine relations

coordination between the members is facilitated by the provision of more precise and more important information

man-man communication has been significantly improved

communication and coordination call for an even greater effort on the part of the crew members

41.
In terms of decision-making, the intention to become integrated into the team, to be recognised as the leader or to avoid conflicts may lead to

the improvement of internal risk assessment capabilities

an authoritarian approach thus demonstrating ones own ability to lead

the suggestion of a sequential solution in which everyone can contribute what he/she knows

the attempt to agree on decisions made by other crew members

42.
The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor

relative speed and linear accelerations

movements with constant speeds

gravity

angular accelerations

43.
The readjustment of the biological rhythms after a time shift is normally more difficult

with flights towards the East

with flights towards the West

with flights towards the North

with flights towards the South

44.
Which of the following human error rates can be described as both realistic and pretty good, after methodical training

1 in 100 times

1 in 10000 times

1 in 100000 times

1 in 1000 times

45.
The errors resulting from an irrational indexing system in an operations manual are related to an interface mismatch between

Liveware - Software

Liveware - Environment

Liveware - Liveware

Liveware - Hardware

46.
What is the effect of tiredness on attention ?

It has no specific effects on attention

It reduces the ability to manage multiple matters

It increases the ability to manage multiple matters

It leads to one's attention being dispersed between different centres of interest

47.
What seem to be the main roles of deep sleep ?

It is confined to physical recuperation associated with fatigue

Its main role is associated with activities of memory activities and restoration of attention capabilities

It essentially allows for physical recovery and the reconstitution of neuron energy reserves

Via physical recovery, it is characterised by an alternation of dream phases and paradoxical phases

48.
How can the process of learning be facilitated?

By reinforcing successful trials

By reinforcing errors

By increasing the psychological pressure on the student

By punishing the learner for unsuccessful trials

49.
An identical situation can be experienced by one pilot as exciting in a positive sense and by another pilot as threatening. In both cases

both pilots will loose their motor-coordination

the pilot feeling threatened, will be much more relaxed, than the pilot looking forward to what may happen

the arousal level of both pilots will be raised

both pilots will experience the same amount of stress

50.
Which of the following personality characteristics makes crew decision making most effective?

Assertiveness.

Competitiveness.

Friendliness

General intelligence.

Question Bank

Questions for HUMAN PERFORMANCE ( 2520-3271)

Why is hypoxia especially dangerous for pilots flying solo?

What can a pilot do to avoid ""Flicker vertigo"" when flying in the clouds?

The vestibular system is composed of-1: two ventricles-2 : a saccule-3 : an utricle-4 : three semicircular channels

What is decompression sickness ?

A study by NASA has examined the relationships between incidents linked with ground-to-crew communication. Which of the following factors is the main reason for disturbances in the correct reception of a message?

A pilot is prone to get vertigo, as visibility is impaired (dust, smoke, snow). What is the correct action to prevent vertigo?

According to Rasmussen's model, errors are of the following type(s) in skill-based control mode

What is hypoxia ?

What could be symptoms of hypoxia (when flying without oxygen) above 12,000 ft?

Concerning the effects of drugs and pilot´s performance

Sleeplessness or the disruption of sleeping patterns 1. can lead to symptoms of drowsiness, irritability and lack of concentration2. will make an individual more prone to make errors

CO (carbon monoxide) present in the smoke of cigarettes can lead to: 1. reduction of time of usefull consciousness 2. hypoxia at a much lower altitude than normal

It is desirable to standardize as many patterns of behaviour (operating procedures) as possible in commercial aviation mainly because

What does not impair the function of the photosensitive cells?

When oxygen is beeing transferred from the blood into the tissues and carbon dioxide from the body cells into the blood, it is called

When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the

An overstressed pilot may show the following symptoms:1. mental blocks, confusion and channelized attention2. resignation, frustration, rage3. deterioration in motor coordination4. high pitch voice and fast speaking

In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving, subsequent flights should be delayed

Which part of the ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

When can a system be said to be tolerant to error?When

Which of the following responses lists most of the common hazardous thought patterns (attitudes) for pilots to develop?

The capacity of the short-term memory is

Pain in the middle ear during descent may be eased by

The choice of the moment you select flaps depending on situation and conditions of the landing is

Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades

1. Adaptation is a new state of equilibrium after having coped with a stressful situation. 2. An individual's prospect of the situation and his/her abilities to cope with it will determine the type and strength of stress

Hyperventilation is

When a pilot is facing a problem during flight he should

You fly VFR from your home base (runway width 27 m), to an international airport (runway width 45 m). On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a

One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is

Autokinesis is

Which elements of communication are prone to malfunctioning?

Breathing 100% oxygen at 38000 ft is equivalent to breathe ambient air at

Which one of the following statements characterizes a democratic and cooperative leadership style?If conflicts evolve, the leader

Using a checklist prior start is a contribution to

As a result of automation in cockpits,

In terms of decision-making, the intention to become integrated into the team, to be recognised as the leader or to avoid conflicts may lead to

The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor

The readjustment of the biological rhythms after a time shift is normally more difficult

Which of the following human error rates can be described as both realistic and pretty good, after methodical training

The errors resulting from an irrational indexing system in an operations manual are related to an interface mismatch between

What is the effect of tiredness on attention ?

What seem to be the main roles of deep sleep ?

How can the process of learning be facilitated?

An identical situation can be experienced by one pilot as exciting in a positive sense and by another pilot as threatening. In both cases

Which of the following personality characteristics makes crew decision making most effective?