Vayudoot Aviation

1.
If individual masses are used, the mass of an aeroplane must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter

at regular annual intervals

at intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.

only if major modifications have taken place

at intervals of 9 years

2.
The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is given as 750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600 kg. is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minimum size pallet that can be used ?

40 cm by 300 cm

30 cm by 300 cm

40 cm by 200 cm

30 cm by 200 cm

3.
An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) of 134.5 inches. The leading edge of this chord is at a distance of 625.6 inches aft of the datum. Give the location of the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in terms of percentage MAC if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically through a balance arm located 650 inches aft of the datum

75,60%

85,50%

18,14%

10,50%

4.
The standard mass for a child is

38 kg for all flights

35 kg for all flights

30 kg for holiday charters and 35 kg for all other flights

35 kg for holiday charters and 38 kg for all other flights.

5.
Fuel loaded onto an aeroplane is 15400 kg but is erroneously entered into the load and trim sheet as 14500 kg. This error is not detected by the flight crew but they will notice that

V1 will be reached sooner than expected

speed at un-stick will be higher than expected

the aeroplane will rotate much earlier than expected.

V1 will be increased

6.
Given an aeroplane with:Maximum Structural Landing Mass: 68000 kgMaximum Zero Fuel Mass: 70200 kgMaximum Structural Take-off Mass: 78200 kgDry Operating Mass : 48000 kgScheduled trip fuel is 7000 kg and the reserve fuel is 2800 kg,Assuming performance limitations are not restricting, the maximum permitted take-off mass and maximum traffic load are respectively

75000 kg and 20000 kg

77200 kg and 19400 kg

77200 kg and 22200 kg

75000 kg and 17200 kg

7.
A mass of 500 kg is loaded at a station which is located 10 metres behind the present Centre of Gravity and 16 metres behind the datum. (Assume: g=10 m/s^2)The moment for that mass used in the loading manifest is

50000 Nm

130000 Nm

30000 Nm

80000 Nm

8.
The distance from the datum to the Centre of Gravity of a mass is known as

the moment

the index

the lever

the moment arm or balance arm

9.
A revenue flight is to be made by a jet transport. The following are the aeroplane's structural limits:-Maximum Ramp Mass: 69 900 kg-Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg-Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg-Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740 kgThe performance limited take off mass is 67 450kg and the performance limited landing mass is 55 470 kg.Dry Operating Mass: 34 900 kgTrip Fuel: 6 200 kgTaxi Fuel: 250 kgContingency & final reserve fuel: 1 300 kgAlternate Fuel: 1 100 kg The maximum traffic load that can be carried is

13 950 kg

25 800 kg

18 170 kg

17 840 kg

10.
The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a structural limiting mass. It is made up of the aeroplane Dry Operational mass plus

traffic load, unuseable fuel and crew standard mass

unuseable and crew standard mass

traffic load and crew standard mass.

traffic load and unuseable fuel

11.
An aircraft basic empty mass is 3000 kg.The maximum take-off, landing, and zerofuel mass are identical, at 5200 kg. Ramp fuel is 650 kg, the taxi fuel is 50 kg.The payload available is

1 550 kg

2 200 kg

2 150 kg

1 600 kg

12.
The Basic Mass of a helicopter is the mass of the helicopter without crew,

without payload, with specific equipment for the mission, without the unusable fuel

without specific equipment for the mission, without payload, with the unusable fuel and standard equipment

without specific equipments for the mission, without payload, with fuel on board.

without specific equipment for the mission, without payload, wthout unusable fuel.

13.
Assuming gross mass, altitude and airspeed remain unchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will cause

reduced maximum cruise range

lower optimum cruising speed

increased cruise range

higher stall speed

14.
In calculations with respect to the position of the centre of gravity a reference is made to a datum. The datum is

calculated from the loading manifest

a reference plane which is chosen by the aeroplane manufacturer. Its position is given in the aeroplane Flight or Loading Manual.

an arbitrary reference chosen by the pilot which can be located anywhere on the aeroplane

calculated from the data derived from the weighing procedure carried out on the aeroplane after any major modification

15.
The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data:- Dry operating mass: 90 000 kg- Block fuel: 30 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 800 kg- Maximum take-off mass: 145 000 kgThe traffic load available for this flight is

55 800 kg

25 800 kg

25 000 kg

55 000 kg

16.
Considering only structural limitations, on long distance flights (at the aeroplane's maximum range), the traffic load is normally limited by

The maximum zero fuel mass plus the take-off mass

The maximum zero fuel mass.

The maximum take-off mass

The maximum landing mass

17.
Calculate the centre of gravity in % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) with following data:Distance datum - centre of gravity: 12.53 mDistance datum - leading edge: 9.63 mLength of MAC: 8 m

23.1 % MAC

47.0 % MAC

36.3 % MAC

63.4 % MAC

18.
What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane ?

The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag.

The location of the centre of gravity with respect to the neutral point

The dihedral, angle of sweepback and the keel effect.

The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder and rudder trim tab.

19.
In determining the Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane it is common practice to use 'standard mass' values for crew. These values are

flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These are inclusive of a hand baggage allowance

flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These include an allowance for hand baggage

flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include an allowance for hand baggage

flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include a hand baggage allowance

20.
A location in the aeroplane which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known as

Station.

MAC.

Moment.

Index.

21.
In a modern airplane equipped with an ECAM (Electronic centralized aircraft monitor), when a failure occurs in a circuit, the centralized flight management system:1- releases an aural warning2- lights up the appropriate push-buttons on the overhead panel3- displays the relevant circuit on the system display4- processes the failure automaticallyThe combination regrouping all the correct statements is

1, 2, 3.

1, 2.

1, 3, 4.

3, 4.

22.
Given:Dry Operating Mass= 29 800 kgMaximum Take-Off Mass= 52 400 kgMaximum Zero-Fuel Mass= 43 100 kgMaximum Landing Mass= 46 700 kgTrip fuel= 4 000 kgFuel quantity at brakes release= 8 000 kgThe maximum traffic load is

12 900 kg

9 300 kg

13 300 kg

14 600 kg

23.
The mass of an aeroplane is 1950 kg. If 450 kg is added to a cargo hold 1.75 metres from the loaded centre of gravity (cg). The loaded cg will move

34 cm

30 cm

40 cm

33 cm

24.
At a given mass the CG position is at 15% MAC. If the leading edge of MAC is at a position 625.6 inches aft of the datum and the MAC is given as 134.5 inches determine the position of the CG in relation to to the datum

228.34 inches aft of datum

645.78 inches aft of datum

20.18 inches aft of datum

605.43 inches aft of datum

25.
The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data:- Block fuel: 40 000 kg- Trip fuel: 29 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 800 kg- Maximum take-off mass: 170 000 kg- Maximum landing mass: 148 500 kg- Maximum zero fuel mass: 112 500 kg- Dry operating mass: 80 400 kgThe maximum traffic load for this flight is

40 400 kg

32 100 kg

32 900 kg

18 900 kg

26.
'Standard Mass' as used in the computation of passenger load establish the mass of a child as

35 kg for children over 2 years occupying a seat and 10 kg for infants (less than 2 years) occupying a seat

35 kg for children over 2 years occupying a seat and 10 kg for infants (less than 2 years) not occupying a seat

35 kg only if they are over 2 years old and occupy a seat.

35 kg irrespective of age provided they occupy a seat.

27.
The maximum zero fuel mass is a mass limitation for the

strength of the wing root

total load of the fuel imposed upon the wing

allowable load exerted upon the wing considering a margin for fuel tanking

strength of the fuselage

28.
The determination of the centre of gravity in relation to the mean aerodynamic chord

consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic convergence point

consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the trailing edge

consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the leading edge

consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic centre of pressure

29.
At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in particular are available for determining the mass of the aircraft:1- Dry operating mass2- Operating massWhich statement is correct

The operating mass is the mass of the aeroplane without take-off fuel.

The dry operating mass includes take-off fuel

The dry operating mass includes fixed equipment needed to carry out a specific flight

The operating mass includes the traffic load

30.
Which of the following statements is correct?

If the actual centre of gravity is close to the forward limit of the centre of gravity the aeroplane may be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces

A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane

If the actual centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit of centre of gravity it is possible that the aeroplane will be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces

The lowest stalling speed is obtained if the actual centre of gravity is located in the middle between the aft and forward limit of centre of gravity

31.
An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield at a take-off mass of 302550 kg. Fuel on board at take-off (including contingency and alternate of 19450 kg) is 121450 kg. The Dry Operating Mass is 161450 kg. The useful load will be

19650 kg

39105 kg

141100 kg

121450 kg

32.
The term 'Maximum Zero Fuel Mass' consist of

The maximum mass for some aeroplanes including the fuel load and the traffic load

The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including the fuel load and operational items

The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including traffic load and fuel load.

The maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.

33.
The flight preparation of a turbojet aeroplane provides the following data: Take-off runway limitation: 185 000 kg Landing runway limitation: 180 000 kg Planned fuel consumption: 11 500 kg Fuel already loaded on board the aircraft: 20 000 kgKnowing that: Maximum take-off mass (MTOM): 212 000 kg Maximum landing mass (MLM): 174 000 kg Maximum zero fuel mass (MZFM): 164 000 kg Dry operating mass (DOM): 110 000 kgThe maximum cargo load that the captain may decide to load on board is

55 500 kg

55 000 kg

61 500 kg

54 000 kg

34.
The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the

lateral axis

vertical axis

longitudinal axis

horizontal axis

35.
The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension

creates a pitch-down longitudinal moment

creates a longitudinal moment in the direction (pitch-up or pitch-down) determined by the type of landing gear

does not create a longitudinal moment

creates a pitch-up longitudinal moment

36.
Traffic load is the

Zero Fuel Mass minus Dry Operating Mass.

Dry Operating Mass minus the variable load.

Dry Operating Mass minus the disposable load

Take-off Mass minus Zero Fuel Mass.

37.
The empty mass of an aeroplane is recorded in

the loading manifest. It differs from the zero fuel mass by the value of the 'traffic load'.

the weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aeroplane

the weighing schedule. If changes occur, due to modifications, the aeroplane must be reweighed always.

the loading manifest. It differs from Dry Operating Mass by the value of the 'useful load'.

38.
The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to 4 000 N/m2.It is planned to load a cubic container each side of which measures 0.5m.Its maximum gross mass must not exceed:(assume g=10m/s2)

100 kg

1 000 kg

5 000 kg

500 kg

39.
Which is true of the aeroplane empty mass?

It is dry operating mass minus fuel load.

It is dry operating mass minus traffic load

It is a component of dry operating mass

It is the actual take-off mass, less traffic load.

40.
On an aeroplane with a seating capacity of more than 30, it is decided to use standard mass values for computing the total mass of passengers. If the flight is not a holiday charter, the mass value which may be used for an adult is

76 kg

88 kg (male) 74 kg (female).

84 kg

84 kg (male) 76 kg (female).

41.
Conversion of fuel volume to mass

may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in JAR - OPS 1.

must be done by using actual measured fuel density values.

must be done using fuel density values of 0.79 for JP 1 and 0.76 for JP 4 as specified in JAR - OPS, IEM - OPS 1.605E.

may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in the Operations Manual, if the actual fuel density is not known.

42.
If an aeroplane is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the angle of attack will

remain constant, drag will decrease and endurance will decrease

be decreased, drag will decrease and endurance will increase.

remain constant, drag will increase and endurance will increase

be greater, drag will increase and endurance will decrease

43.
In mass and balance calculations the ""index"" is

the range of moments the centre of gravity (cg) can have without making the aeroplane unsafe to fly.

a location in the aeroplane identified by a number.

an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements are taken.

the moment divided by a constant

44.
The following data is extracted from an aeroplane's loading manifest:Performance limited take-off mass 93500 kgExpected landing mass at destination 81700 kgMaximum certificated landing mass 86300 kgFuel on board 16500 kgDuring the flight a diversion is made to an en-route alternate which is not 'performance limited' for landing. Fuel remaining at landing is 10300 kg. The landing mass

is 87300 kg and excess structural stress could result

is 83200 kg which is in excess of the regulated landing mass and could result in overrunning the runway

is 87300 kg which is acceptable in this case because this is a diversion and not a normal scheduled landing.

must be reduced to 81700 kg in order to avoid a high speed approach

45.
The actual 'Zero Fuel Mass' is equal to the

Basic Empty Mass plus the fuel loaded

Actual Landing Mass plus trip fuel

Dry Operating Mass plus the traffic load.

Operating Mass plus all the traffic load.

46.
If 390 Ibs of cargo are moved from compartment B (aft) to compartment A (forward), what is the station number of the new centre of gravity (cg).Given : Gross mass 116.500 IbsPresent cg station 435.0Compartment A station 285.5Compartment B station 792.5

436.7

463.7

506.3

433.3

47.
While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aeroplane, the term 'Empty Mass' applies to the sum of airframe, engine(s), fixed ballast plus

all the oil and fuel.

all the oil, fuel, and hydraulic fluid but not including crew and traffic load.

unusable fuel and full operating fluids

all the consumable fuel and oil, but not including any radio or navigation equipment installed by manufacturer

48.
During a violent avoidance manoeuvre, a light twin aircraft, certified to FAR 23 requirements was subjected to an instantaneous load factor of 4.2. The Flight Manual specifies that the aircraft is certified in the normal category for a load factor of -1.9 to +3.8.Considering the certification requirements and taking into account that the manufacturer of the twin did not include, during its conception, a supplementary margin in the flight envelope, it might be possible to observe,

rupture of one or more structural components

a elastic deformation whilst the load was applied, but no permanent distortion

a permanent deformation of the structure

no distortion, permanent or temporary of the structure

49.
An aeroplane may be weighed

in a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area.

in an enclosed, non-air conditioned, hangar

in an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance

at a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield.

50.
During take-off you notice that, for a given elevator input, the aeroplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This is an indication that

the centre of gravity may be towards the aft limit.

the centre of gravity is too far forward

the centre of pressure is aft of the centre of gravity

the aeroplane is overloaded

Question Bank

Questions for PAYLOAD AND CG (1488-1678)

If individual masses are used, the mass of an aeroplane must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter

The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is given as 750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600 kg. is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minimum size pallet that can be used ?

The standard mass for a child is

Fuel loaded onto an aeroplane is 15400 kg but is erroneously entered into the load and trim sheet as 14500 kg. This error is not detected by the flight crew but they will notice that

A mass of 500 kg is loaded at a station which is located 10 metres behind the present Centre of Gravity and 16 metres behind the datum. (Assume: g=10 m/s^2)The moment for that mass used in the loading manifest is

The distance from the datum to the Centre of Gravity of a mass is known as

The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a structural limiting mass. It is made up of the aeroplane Dry Operational mass plus

An aircraft basic empty mass is 3000 kg.The maximum take-off, landing, and zerofuel mass are identical, at 5200 kg. Ramp fuel is 650 kg, the taxi fuel is 50 kg.The payload available is

The Basic Mass of a helicopter is the mass of the helicopter without crew,

Assuming gross mass, altitude and airspeed remain unchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will cause

In calculations with respect to the position of the centre of gravity a reference is made to a datum. The datum is

The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data:- Dry operating mass: 90 000 kg- Block fuel: 30 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 800 kg- Maximum take-off mass: 145 000 kgThe traffic load available for this flight is

Considering only structural limitations, on long distance flights (at the aeroplane's maximum range), the traffic load is normally limited by

Calculate the centre of gravity in % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) with following data:Distance datum - centre of gravity: 12.53 mDistance datum - leading edge: 9.63 mLength of MAC: 8 m

What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane ?

In determining the Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane it is common practice to use 'standard mass' values for crew. These values are

A location in the aeroplane which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known as

Given:Dry Operating Mass= 29 800 kgMaximum Take-Off Mass= 52 400 kgMaximum Zero-Fuel Mass= 43 100 kgMaximum Landing Mass= 46 700 kgTrip fuel= 4 000 kgFuel quantity at brakes release= 8 000 kgThe maximum traffic load is

The mass of an aeroplane is 1950 kg. If 450 kg is added to a cargo hold 1.75 metres from the loaded centre of gravity (cg). The loaded cg will move

At a given mass the CG position is at 15% MAC. If the leading edge of MAC is at a position 625.6 inches aft of the datum and the MAC is given as 134.5 inches determine the position of the CG in relation to to the datum

'Standard Mass' as used in the computation of passenger load establish the mass of a child as

The maximum zero fuel mass is a mass limitation for the

The determination of the centre of gravity in relation to the mean aerodynamic chord

At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in particular are available for determining the mass of the aircraft:1- Dry operating mass2- Operating massWhich statement is correct

Which of the following statements is correct?

An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield at a take-off mass of 302550 kg. Fuel on board at take-off (including contingency and alternate of 19450 kg) is 121450 kg. The Dry Operating Mass is 161450 kg. The useful load will be

The term 'Maximum Zero Fuel Mass' consist of

The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the

The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension

Traffic load is the

The empty mass of an aeroplane is recorded in

The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to 4 000 N/m2.It is planned to load a cubic container each side of which measures 0.5m.Its maximum gross mass must not exceed:(assume g=10m/s2)

Which is true of the aeroplane empty mass?

On an aeroplane with a seating capacity of more than 30, it is decided to use standard mass values for computing the total mass of passengers. If the flight is not a holiday charter, the mass value which may be used for an adult is

Conversion of fuel volume to mass

If an aeroplane is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the angle of attack will

In mass and balance calculations the ""index"" is

The actual 'Zero Fuel Mass' is equal to the

If 390 Ibs of cargo are moved from compartment B (aft) to compartment A (forward), what is the station number of the new centre of gravity (cg).Given : Gross mass 116.500 IbsPresent cg station 435.0Compartment A station 285.5Compartment B station 792.5

While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aeroplane, the term 'Empty Mass' applies to the sum of airframe, engine(s), fixed ballast plus

An aeroplane may be weighed

During take-off you notice that, for a given elevator input, the aeroplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This is an indication that